Odit-e - The digital era for electrical networks

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News & Publications

CIRED publications

ABSTRACT

The increase of complexity and the digitalization of distribution grids rises the need for sharing energy-related data and making use of new data analysis and artificial intelligence techniques in the energy sector. To answer these needs, The BD4OPEM H2020 project aims to share energy-related data and to offer data analytics and artificial intelligence services to leverage their availability in an Open Innovation Marketplace. Multiple solutions are provided by specialized companies, addressing the needs of different energy-related stakeholders. The objective of this paper is to present the software architecture of the Open Innovation Marketplace being developed under the BD4OPEM project, based on the 4+1 View Model methodology of software architecture definition. According to this methodology, the Logical View of the BD4OPEM Platform architecture is structured into four piled up layers and one cross-cut layer addressing the architecture security and privacy needs.

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IElectrix is a response to the Horizon 2020 Call of the European Commission: “Integrated local energy systems”.
Within a cooperation agreement signed by 4 European partners and TATA POWER Delhi Distribution Limited (TPDDL), Shakti demonstration is set up in Delhi to explore innovative solutions allowing the implementation of “Local Energy Communities” using local photovoltaic (PV) and storage for self-consumption approach.
By 2020, with Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), TPDDL is looking to broaden DR program by extending behavioural DR (BDR) program across its residential consumers. BDR hinges on consumer participation as loads will be managed entirely by them in response to critical peak pricing. With smart phones acting as the gateway to home automation solutions, use of smart plugs to control home appliances such as air conditioners and other high-power equipment can be considered to allow functions such as “set it and forget it” mode for consumers. These DR initiatives are aligned with IElectrix objectives, and some of them will be carried out in the framework of the project.

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The reliability of the electricity supply is of major importance to enhance economic development. With a steady supply, there is no need for private owned backup solutions such as gensets, which have high capital and operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX). Therefore, it lowers the cost barrier for new businesses creation and fosters local economical dynamic. Environmentally wise, the improvement of the quality of supply can reduce the emissions due to genset use and improve the profitability of renewable energy facilities enabling a longer feeding period.
The Africit-e project tackles this subject by deploying a smart metering infrastructure and analytic services in Azimmo Ouaga 2000, a neighbourhood of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. This paper describes the use cases designed, developed, and experimented within the project. They aim at the reduction of outages’ frequency due to local overloads. This project is funded by the “Direction Générale du Trésor” which belongs to the French Ministry of the Economy and Finance. A consortium of three French SME and one association leads the project in collaboration with Sonabel, the national electricity company of Burkina Faso.

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The current deployment of photovoltaic (PV) productions, which can affect voltage profiles or create congestions in low voltage (LV) networks, requires accurate planning studies. However, state of the art network simulation tools are not adapted to LV networks specificities: these tools require an extensive knowledge of LV networks characteristics, such as network topology, cables lengths and sections, which are largely unknown, inaccurate or outdated.
To work around this problem, Odit-e has developed an innovative way to digitize LV networks, where the network model is entirely built from smart meters data. The resulting model can be used to precisely estimate the impact of any change in power, including new productions, and is the core of Odit-e innovative planning tool.
To validate this tool in an operational environment, Odit-e, funded by ADEME through the Utilit-e project, has partnered with Gazélec, a French DSO, to perform a large-scale experimentation in the whole city of Péronne (7500 inhabitants).
This project has been awarded by the Solar Impulse foundation as one of 1000 solutions that can protect the environment in a profitable way.

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Energy decentralization is encouraged through customer empowerment within the formation of Energy Communities. The key enabling role of DSO to support Energy Communities is however hampered by a lack of LV grid digitization and flexibility. The H2020 IElectrix project (2019-2022), co-funded by the European Commission, is devoted to solving this issue. Five DSOs (E.DIS, Enedis, Energie Güssing, E.ON EED, Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited) have joined with innovative solution providers and research centres, to demonstrate the combined roles of distribution grid innovations in different regulatory systems (Austria, Germany, Hungary and India). This paper focuses on innovative solutions for the Indian system, with a power sector sustenance majorly dependent on the cash-flow coming from its distribution sector. Nevertheless, this is the weakest link of the power sector and faces major challenges such as the increase in the power purchase cost, high Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&C) losses, lack of cost-reflective tariffs and the energy transition. With the government’s impetus towards promoting clean energy and the intermittent nature of the renewables and the variability of charging electric vehicles, this requires real-time demand supply management and network flexibility. The Indian SHAKTI pilot, located in Delhi, aims to demonstrate relevant technologies involving prosumer support.

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The value of the flexibilities available in an electricity system is often considered for the only sake of balancing production and consumption in a variable  environment. For instance, a system with a high penetration of unpredictable renewable energy production requires energy flexibility to keep the balance.
However, the activation of a flexibility has not only an impact on the balance of the whole system but also and in particular on a local scale, on the electrical network itself. For example, the activation of an energy flexibility to increase consumption – with the goal of absorbing high production of renewable energy facilities in one part of the grid – is changing the state of the grid at the location where the energy is being consumed. This impact on the state of the grid can be positive or negative if done blindly.
One of the aims of the GIFT project is to address the question of this local impact and the possibility for a Distribution System Operator (DSO) to access the flexibility market. It would benefit from it purchasing flexibilities to solve network issues. There are two demonstration sites in the GIFT project, namely the Grytøya island, in Norway, and the island of Procida, in Italy.
This paper addresses the implementation in the Norwegian demonstration site.

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To prevent photovoltaic productions from affecting voltage profiles, Distribution System Operators are currently limiting their insertion in Low Voltage networks. However, various mitigation solutions exist. This paper presents an experimentation that has been conducted jointly by Odit-e and RESA, aiming to quantify the benefits of two of these solutions (on-load tap changer and network balancing) on the network hosting capacity. The studied network had been subject to voltage excursions due to photovoltaic productions before implanting the solutions. The hosting capacity, being difficult to compute without a precise knowledge of the network characteristics, has been computed using an innovative planning tool developed by Odit-e, that only requires smart meters data. Both of the studied mitigation solutions have solved the voltage excursions, and the network hosting capacity has increased by 67%. However, random photovoltaic insertion generating huge voltage imbalances, the balancing method proved to be more appropriate while being much easier to implement, and should therefore be chosen first. Once the network is balanced, the on-load tap changer is very suitable.

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Low Voltage networks characteristics are poorly known. To enable smarter planning, a proper knowledge of the network topology is essential: meter-to-substation mapping, and meter-to-feeder/phase within a substation. Odit-e has developed an innovative method for topology identification based on smart meters data, avoiding the installation of any additional sensors. The method had been designed using datasets collected in various places in Europe, and is made to be robust to Low Voltage specificities. An experimentation has been conducted jointly by Odit-e and EDPD to validate this method in an operational environment. Results are promising: considering the hazards related to real data collection within various types of networks, the obtained topology is very accurate. The next step will be a large-scale validation, with thousands of meters.

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It is frequently admitted that the rate of photo voltaic (PV) peak power must not exceed 20% to 30% of the maximum power consumed on a given LV feeder. As a result, the PV hosting capacity remains quite low, or the DSO takes the risk of voltage issue if he decides to exceed. RESA, the Belgian DSO and Odit-e, a French startup have tested a new way to at least double the PV hosting capacity of network feeders. An experimentation was made in an area already overequipped with PV and subject to voltage issues. Results show that it has been possible to tackle existing voltage issues efficiently and to identify a significant additional hosting capacity.

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The topology is the corner stone of the analysis of the low voltage grid. However, the current information is often a not-up-to-date GIS storing the bulk of information about the Distribution System Operator’s assets’ characteristics and location. Its content is not complete and accurate enough to perform a modelling of the low voltage network.
Providing the meter – phase – feeder – transformer connection, the topology would pave the way to a greater operation.
This lack can be filled thanks to the analysis of smart meters data. The paper presents the methods available to retrieve the topology, their pros and cons and evaluates a new algorithm using the voltage curve of every meter in a defined geographical area in order to find it out.

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Projects news BD4OPEM Omega-X Energica GIFT IElectrix Africit-e Leap-re

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